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In the United States and Canada, most undergraduate education takes place at four-year colleges or universities. In the United States, students in their first, second, third, and fourth years of study are often called, respectively, freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors (although some institutions, such as many women's colleges, substitute "first-year" for "freshman" in an attempt to remain more gender-neutral). Some institutions (e.g. liberal-arts colleges) offer primarily or exclusively undergraduate education, while most universities offer graduate study as well. Successful completion of undergraduate work generally requires the completion of many courses of varying subject and difficulty, and a concentration or "major" that focuses on a particular academic discipline.
In the United Kingdomundergraduate refers to those studying toward a Bachelor's degree which usually takes three or four years. The three year system predominates in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and the four year system in Scotland, although there is some overlap. The old Scottish masters degree after four years undergraduate study is being phased out to avoid confusion with postgraduate masters degrees.
The programmes are modelled after educational systems from around the world, without being based on any particular one, incorporating both the breadth offered by some as well as the early specialisation offered by others. The Diploma Programme started in 1968 at the United World College of the Atlantic, the Middle Years programme was introduced in 1994, and the Primary Years Programme in 1997. Their rigour and high standards have ensured their wide recognition throughout the world. As of 2006, the programmes are currently being taught to over 486,000 students.
The International Baccalaureate Programme is also a common misnomer used to refer to one of these programmes (most frequently the IB Diploma Programme). High schools often advertise that they offer the “International Baccalaureate Programme,” in which case it is obvious that they are referring to the DP as it is the only one of the three programmes intended for students of senior high school age.
By far the most common type of undergraduate degree is the bachelor's degree, which typically takes three or four years to complete. First professional degrees sometimes contain the word 'Doctor' but are, at least in the U.S., not considered doctorates[1] and are, in Canada, considered to be undergraduate degrees. Oxbridge Master of Arts and Scottish Master of Arts degrees are considered to be undergraduate degrees. In the United Kingdom, a Master's degree is sometimes awarded as an undergraduate degree for an undergraduate student whose final year consists of higher-level courses and a major research project;
A student following an undergraduate degree programme is known as an undergraduate because they have not yet graduated (received a degree). Once they have graduated, undergraduate degrees allow their holders to get a better job than they would otherwise be able to get or continue into postgraduate education.
They are not externally regulated but are instead accredited by the universities themselves.
A Diploma of Higher Education (DipHE) is a higher education qualification in the United Kingdom. It is awarded after two years full-time study at a university or other higher education institution. They certify that a student has achieved a minimum standard in 1st and 2nd Year courses.